Dear students...
This post discuss about antipyretics and anesthetics.
Antipyretics:
A drug that prevents or reduces fever by lowering the body temperature from a raised state. They work by influencing the body's hypothalamus(which keeps the body balanced in a stable state called homeostasis) the region responsible for regulating temperature. During an infection or illness, the body releases certain chemicals called pyrogens, which trigger the hypothalamus to increase the body's temperature as a defense mechanism. Antipyretic drugs intervene in this process, helping to bring down the elevated temperature and provide relief from associated symptoms like discomfort, chills, and body aches.
Some of the common antipyretics used in daily life are discussed here.
Aspirin:
Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It was the first of this class of drug to be discovered. Also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a commonly used drug for the treatment of pain and fever due to various causes. Acetylsalicylic acid has both anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. This drug also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of blood clots stroke, and myocardial infarction
Therapeutic uses:
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| Fever |
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| Head ache |
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| Inflamation |
Paracetamol:
It is a class of para-aminophenol derivatives. It has both antipyretic and analgesic effects. It occurs as white crystalline powder, odourless and soluble in alcohol and sodium hydroxide solution. It is also soluble in boiling water and the solution is acidic in nature. It is used in the form of tablets, suspensions, syrups. The usual dose is 0.5 to 1.0 g for every four hours.
Therapeutic Uses:
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| Joint and muscle pain |
Ibuprofen (Brufen):
Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) derived from propionic acid. It was first launched against rheumatoid arthritis. Ibuprofen is insoluble in water, but very soluble in most organic solvents like ethanol.
Synthesis:
It is synthesized by the acylation of iso-butylbenzol by acetyl chloride. The resulting iso-butylbenzophenone (3.2.21) is reacted with sodium cyanide, giving oxynitrile (3.2.22), which upon reaction with hydroiodic acid in the presence of phosphorus is converted into 2-(4-iso-butylphenyl)propionic acid (3.2.23), which subsequently undergoes phases of dehydration, reduction, and hydrolysis.
Below is the link to download the study material.
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